Sleepwalking Disorder: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Sleepwalking Disorders in Children

Sleepwalking, or somnambulism, is a type of parasomnia sleep disorder where a person gets out of bed and engages in physical activities, such as walking or talking, while their eyes are closed. This occurs during deep sleep (non-REM phase), when the brain is not fully aware of what is happening.

This condition is most common in children but can also affect adults. Sleepwalking can range from just a few steps to more complex activities, such as preparing food or even leaving the house.

Causes of Sleepwalking Disorder

The exact cause of sleepwalking is not fully understood, but there are several factors that can increase the risk of developing this condition:

1. Genetics

   There is evidence that sleepwalking may run in families. If parents or siblings have a history of sleepwalking, the likelihood of experiencing it is higher.

2. Stress and Anxiety

   Emotional instability, such as stress, anxiety, or depression, can trigger sleepwalking episodes. High stress can disrupt normal sleep cycles, leading to sleep disturbances.

3. Sleep Deprivation

   Lack of sleep or disturbed sleep can also cause sleepwalking. Inadequate sleep can put the brain in a more vulnerable state for sleep disturbances.

4. Other Sleep Disorders

   Some sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome, can increase the likelihood of sleepwalking. These disorders disrupt sleep quality and increase the risk of parasomnia.

5. Medications and Alcohol

   Certain medications or alcohol can interfere with sleep patterns, contributing to sleepwalking disorders.

📝 Read also: Sleep Apnea: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Effective Solutions

Symptoms of Sleepwalking Disorder

The primary symptom of sleepwalking disorder is the behavior that occurs during sleep, which includes:

• Walking or Sitting Up in Bed: Sleepwalkers may get up and walk around their room or house without realizing it.

• Talking or Engaging in Routine Activities: Some sleepwalkers may talk or perform tasks like dressing or eating, even though they are unaware.

• Difficulty Waking Up: When a sleepwalker is awakened, they often feel confused and cannot remember what happened.

• Uncoordinated Body Movements: Although their eyes may be open, the person may not be able to fully coordinate their movements and may appear confused or disoriented.

Diagnosis of Sleepwalking Disorder

Diagnosis of sleepwalking disorder is made through a medical evaluation, including the patient’s sleep history, medical interview, and sometimes a sleep study (polysomnography) in a sleep lab. If sleepwalking is severe or causes other issues, a doctor may recommend sleep monitoring to observe sleep patterns and activities during sleep.

Treatment and Management

Treatment for sleepwalking disorder depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Common treatment approaches include:

1. Lifestyle Changes

   Establishing healthy sleep habits, such as going to bed and waking up at the same time each day, avoiding alcohol or sleeping pills that disrupt sleep, and effectively managing stress.

2. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

   Cognitive behavioral therapy can help individuals manage anxiety and stress that may trigger sleepwalking. This therapy involves changing thought patterns and behaviors to reduce sleep disturbances.

3. Medication

   In some cases, medications may be prescribed to manage sleepwalking, particularly if other sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea or insomnia, are present. Medications like benzodiazepines or antidepressants may be prescribed to aid better sleep.

4. Sleep Environment Safety

   For individuals who frequently sleepwalk, securing the sleep environment is important to prevent injury. This includes removing sharp or dangerous objects, locking doors, and installing barriers at stairs or exit points.

5. Relaxation Therapy

   Relaxation techniques such as meditation or breathing exercises can help reduce anxiety and stress that may trigger sleepwalking episodes.

📝 Read also: The Benefits of Meditation for Your Mental and Physical Health

Sleepwalking is a condition that can affect the quality of life, but it can be managed with the right medical approach. By gaining a better understanding of its causes and symptoms, and making efforts to manage stress and maintain healthy sleep habits, individuals who experience sleepwalking can reduce the frequency of episodes and improve their sleep quality.

If sleepwalking interferes with daily life or causes injury, it is important to consult a doctor for proper treatment.