Hemorrhoids: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

What Are Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, occur when blood vessels around the anus or lower rectum become swollen and inflamed. This common condition affects millions of people worldwide and can cause varying degrees of discomfort.

Types of Hemorrhoids

1. Internal Hemorrhoids

Located inside the rectum, these hemorrhoids are typically not visible or felt from the outside. Characteristics include:

• Usually painless

• May cause bleeding during bowel movements

• Can prolapse (protrude outside the anus)

2. External Hemorrhoids

Found under the skin around the anus, these hemorrhoids are more noticeable and can cause:

• Pain or discomfort

• Itching and irritation

• Swelling around the anal area

• Bleeding when irritated

Common Causes and Risk Factors

• Chronic constipation or diarrhea

• Straining during bowel movements

• Prolonged sitting

• Pregnancy

• Obesity

• Heavy lifting

• Family history

Treatment Options

Treatment varies depending on severity and may include:

1. Medications

   • Hemorrhoid Creams/Ointments: Corticosteroid-containing creams can reduce swelling and pain

   • Pain Relievers: Paracetamol or ibuprofen can alleviate pain

   • Laxatives: Doctors may prescribe laxatives to help with constipation or soften stools to reduce straining during bowel movements

2. Non-Surgical Medical Procedures

   • Rubber Band Ligation: Doctor ties hemorrhoids with elastic bands to cut off blood flow, causing the hemorrhoid to shrink

   • Sclerotherapy: Injection of chemicals into blood vessels to shrink hemorrhoids

   • Infrared Coagulation: Using heat to remove hemorrhoid tissue

3. Surgery

   • Hemorrhoidectomy: Surgery to remove hemorrhoid tissue

   • Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: Procedure to shrink hemorrhoids using a stapling device

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Persistent bleeding

• Severe pain

• Hard, painful lumps near the anus

• Symptoms that don't improve with home treatment

Prevention Tips

• Adopt a High-Fiber Diet Consume fiber-rich foods like vegetables, fruits, and grains to soften stools and reduce constipation risk.

• Stay Hydrated Ensure drinking 8-10 glasses of water daily to stay hydrated and prevent constipation.

• Exercise Regularly Physical activity can improve blood circulation and reduce pressure on rectal blood vessels.

• Avoid Prolonged Sitting If your job requires extended sitting, take breaks to stand and move around periodically.

• Avoid Excessive Straining During Bowel Movements Don't delay bowel movements, and spend only necessary time on the toilet.

Important Note

While hemorrhoids are usually not serious, they can significantly impact quality of life. Early treatment and lifestyle changes can help prevent complications and reduce symptoms.

Last Updated: November 2024